Centres of endemism of Noctuidae (Lepidoptera) in the Palaearctic arid mountains: biogeographical and phylogenetic implications

The oreal fauna is connected with orographically limited non-arboreal habitats. Its chorological centres can be recognised by the high species-diversity of numerous typical genera, and accumulated occurrence endemic species and/or subspecies disjunct species. partitioned to alpine type, as faunal type humid high-mountains strong connections tundral zonobiome, xeromontane arid close eremic zonobiomes. As results revisions several Noctuinae groups sister were their distributions mapped. restricted areas allopatric species, often described us new for science, fulfil criteria “areas endemism”. Core Palaearctic Noctuidae, outlined distribution have been proven polytypic presence In revised genera Noctuidae types speciation identified based on analysis endemism vicariance patterns. a result these analyses, it proved that elementary monophyletic supraspecific units, are suitable phylogenetic biogeographical surveys. Although major part appears range-restricted, considerable fraction could expanded into steppic zonobiome due adaptive changes life cycles. High diversity cold-adapted originated from Sino-Himalayan mountains passing two main filtercorridors. One track this bifurcation was directed across “Rhododendron-corridor” Holarctic taiga zone while other one, “Xeromontane filter-corridor” mountain systems Central Inner Asia. This becomes apparent taxonomic division composing both types. Supposedly, movements xeromontanean in West had shaped Messinian salinity crisis and, additionally, significantly influenced Mid-Pleistocene climatic transition which deeply transformed zonality vegetation cooling aridisation vast areas.